Are our perception of our self-efficacy and our outcome expectation always the driver of our career? Social cognitive career theory initially included three interrelated models: the career interest development model, the choice-making model, and the career performance and persistence model (Lent et al., 1994), and was later expanded to include two additional models, one focusing on satisfaction and well-being model in educational and vocational settings (Lent and Brown, 2008), and the other the career self-management model, which emphasizes the process of career self-management across the lifespan (Lent and Brown, 2013). Consequently, there is a lack of theoretical base around university students LS through the university-to-work process and in facilitating their career growth since some fundamental theories [11, 12] may not effectively comprise the environmental and contextual elements that contribute to the effects of career development exposure on LS [13]. The combination of words employed to search these records were life, academic, and domain satisfaction, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, environmental and social supports, and social cognitive career theory. Software, From this standpoint, it is important to examine how students experience concomitant successes and failures at the university-to-work shift. doi: 10.1177/0894845319828543, Miles, J., and Naidoo, A. V. (2016). here. A meta-analysis offers an organized tactic for studying empirical literature to synthesize results through studies. Other factors, environmental and personal, prompt compromise. This confirmed Lents [44] study of the non-significant association between OEs and DS. The structural model showed that PTs positively predicted life satisfaction ( = .310, p-value = 0.000). When authors do not report adequate statistics in primary studies, meta-analysts cannot include these studies in a MASEM; thus, the information from those primary studies is essentially lost. For this purpose, the study draws on the concept of life satisfaction from Diener and colleagues [7], who described it as the subjective evaluation and overall cognitive judgment of life. Focuses on two primary aspects of performance (Lent, 2013, p. 126): The performance model and choice model overlap as they are both focused on persistence. on different groups so as to develop systems for SCCT interventions. J. Writing review & editing. For university students, academic GP was predictive of enrolment and persistence in academic majors [35]. Perhaps the most often cited strategies stem from social cognitive theory (SCT; Bandura, 1986, 2002b), which suggests that depictions of liked characters experiencing either rewards or punishments for their actions will influence viewers to be either more or less likely to perform those behaviors themselves. doi: 10.1177/1069072707305769, Lent, R. W., and Brown, S. D. (2013). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Therefore, hypothesis 2e is accepted. During this period, some can face this transition confidently, while others experience hesitancy, insecurity, and hopelessness [1]. The key notion has been that though career choice actions are performed through the lifetime, the concepts are most noticeable through the late teenage years and early adulthood when people are planning to join the workforce [14]. Moreover, OEs also play a key role in motivating individuals toward their goals. J. Previous studies similarly addressed the roles of PTs and ESs, such as background experiences [61]. The expression of a primary choice to enter a field of work or study, Taking actions to implement ones goal (e.g. In the SCCT model, OEs are informed by vicarious environmental factors (e.g., social support) and they later play a central role in predicting career options [54]. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 60, 557568. B., Lee, Q. People are viewed as so dynamic that it is difficult to implement the theory in its entirety. SCCT emphasizes the role of learning experiences, environmental factors, and interests, which consequently leads to the ambiguity of the evaluation criteria, especially the qualitative evaluation methods. If you found Bandura difficult to get your head around, this takes it a step further. It does not store any personal data. The present study utilized a strategy for data abstraction. Results of previous research have led researchers to assume that career development is potentially linked to general views about life [10]. Social Cognitive Theory The Social-Cognitive Perspective states that behavior is influenced by the interaction between people's traits and thinking and also their social environment and context. Social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) is aligned with Bandura's (1989) social cognitive theory, which proposes that people's agency to make decisions is heavily influenced by their social environments (Lent, 2013). 23, 262269. These studies also proposed that university students who are self-assured in their career orientation are satisfied with life [6]. Based on the framework of SCCT, the researcher summarized the techniques and methods of career interventions, which mainly include expanding choice options, coping with barriers, building support, goal setting and self-regulation, facilitating work performance, and promoting work satisfaction (Lent, 2013). At the same time, SCCT focuses on self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and learning experience when explaining career choice and development. These consist of 2 areas: Following interests into career choice the career choice phase is divided into several component processes (Lent, et al., 1994, p. 94): According to SCCT, individual choice is often, but not always linked to interests. doi: 10.1007/s11482-021-10028-6, Keywords: social cognitive career theory, boundaryless career, career intervention, assessment methods, research methods, Citation: Wang D, Liu X and Deng H (2022) The perspectives of social cognitive career theory approach in current times. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237838.t004, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237838.t005. Proactive Personality and Career Decision-Making Self-E cacy Social cognitive career theory has been developed to provide a unifying framework for a better understanding of how people generate vocational interests, make relevant choices, and pursue career success [22]. It can help practitioners explore client assumptions and perceptions of blockages for achieving certain goals and where they come from or where they fit in. This finding is in line with Loewes [93] study, which proved DS as an antecedent of life satisfaction. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations are influenced by past performance, which in turn is influenced by performance assessments of goals achieved in the present. Later, Lent [47] stated that SE is a predictor of GP for undergraduates because they anticipate to obtain favorable results when pursuing actions at which they think are effective. One of the common exam questions is to evaluate a theory. Disclaimer: This website is for information only and I cannot 100% guarantee information on here is always up to date and fully correct, even though I do my best to make it so. Therefore, SCCT seems to be more applicable to the current boundaryless era. University student samples, which comprised the participants of the present study, might be less likely to testify their engagement in effective pursuit of their goals or unable to be responsive to the types of support (e.g., social, physical, fiscal aspects) that they obtained from the environment, for instance, due to insufficient savings, access to an incomplete variety of career role models, or lack of instrumental support with university applications. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was difficult to conduct a follow-up survey to identify the long-term effects of the SCCT Project (Yuen et al., 2022). There are a number of Career Development theories, but no one theory is comprehensive. These interrelationships require to be addressed in prospective studies. Super's developmental self-concept theory. e0237838. Eliminating alternatives for inappropriate reasons. Among the career theories, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) first added contextual factors to the original model (Lent et al., 1994). The meta-analysis of Klug and Maier [43] revealed a strong connection between GP and satisfaction in a particular domain. Career Development is the process by which a person's career identity is formed from childhood through a lifetime. J. Adolesc. This reminds me strongly of the work of Gottfredson. They have to study other factors that account for variance in life satisfaction beyond that explained by the SCCT antecedents. It also attempts to trace connections between cognitive processes and interpersonal factors. Therefore, life satisfaction (LS) is the desired aim for both an individual and an organization. The concept of self efficacy is the focal point of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. The joint roles of career decision self-efficacy and personality traits in the prediction of career decidedness and decisional difficulty. In this, SCCT is very close to Banduras theory. Secondly, future research need to explore qualitative assessment methods for SCCT. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237838.g001. J. Previous studies found that life satisfaction was significantly associated with DS in the context of university-to-work transition, thus providing logic for embracing life satisfaction as an outcome construct [31]. DW and HD modified the manuscript. The 95% CI of every estimate was made around the true score correlation. As specified by Kline [92], the model suggested an unsuitable fit for the model. doi: 10.1177/0894845319832972, Glessner, K., Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. J., and Lopez, M. L. (2017). Behav. The study supported the practice of engagement in a virtual- and community-based intervention as a teaching strategy. In addition, the primary forms of career intervention are career class, group career counseling, workshop, computer network system, and individual counseling (Whiston et al., 2017). Can you think of cultural groups that wouldnt fit in with SCCT or for whom this model has less or little to offer? Developmental psychology theories According to developmental psychological theories, people can adapt in stages to changing roles in their lives. It seeks to access the joint effectiveness of these interventions, grounded in social cognitive and goal setting theories, for youth job seekers. SCCT can also help open up routes of blocked off opportunities because of a clients inaccurate perceptions of their self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Last but not least, it would be useful for prospective studies to test SCCT constructs in predicting life satisfaction of university students, which can be moderated by cultural [114], field-specific, measurement, or sampling considerations. Thus, the person in charge has some legal limitations on sharing the data publicly. Roe's personality theory. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click DW wrote the manuscript. These constructive activities form a cycle of adaptation that is periodically repeated as new transitions appear on the horizon. According to Wiese and Freund [42], career development depends partly on external factors but is also determined by personal goals. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. All dimensions of SCCT, though, were significantly linked (i.e., 95% CI excluded 0). Social cognitive theory is rooted in the notion of human agency, which suggests that individuals are proactively engaged in their own development and that they are able to exercise a measure of control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions (Bandura, 1986). Child. The study showed that personality affects career interest directly and indirectly through career learning experiences and self-efficacy. Chartrand and Rose (1996) were the first to suggest the application of SCCT to populations at risk for employment and occupational barriers. People with similar beliefs, outcome expectations, backgrounds and interests tend to choose similar outcomes. Discussions on GP and DS on life satisfaction of university students have been directly or indirectly debated since the original work of Lent and Brown [30]. Project HOPE: sociopolitical development and SCCT beliefs of latinx and white rural middle school students. Thus, they conceptualized PTs as inputs to the satisfaction model. The concepts that are the focus of SCCT are Certain events that take place during our lives may affect available choices for us and can even dictate choices to a certain degree. Testing the choice model of social cognitive career theory across Holland themes: a meta-analytic path analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Strengths and Limitations of Social Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory created by psychologist Albert Bandura has strengths as well as limitations. 34, 279288. The model can offer a framework for discovering and exploring these with the client. 27, 457470. How would you personally be able to use SCCT in your day to day work, either as a reflective tool for work with individual clients, your work generally or within interventions? For studying knowledge sharing in higher education, this study provided support for the roles of reputation and altruism in directly explaining faculty's . Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Bandura [57] posited that SE is another significant source of OEs, which means higher confidence in a persons skill of completing certain tasks would result in more positive perceptions of the outcomes. Received: 20 August 2022; Accepted: 16 November 2022; Published: 30 November 2022. 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