Our goal isn't to spend eternity sitting on a puffy white cloud in Heaven isolated from the world of the living. The best postmortem reward is a reunion with one's relatives who have died before, particularly ancestors, the Ara Orun (Idowu, 1994, p. 177). Nairobi, Kenya, 1971. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. The tradition also spread to other Latino communities, African Americans, and white Americans. This process had a tremendous impact on all aspects of African beliefs, including notions of the afterlife, our immediate concern here. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Lets start with an elucidation of Santeria and then Voodoo before jumping into the list of similarities and differences, or feel free to skip ahead. The animals are killed by cutting the carotid arteries with a single knife stroke in a similar way to other religious methods of slaughter. The Swazi also bury their dead with all their vital earthly belongings, thus equipping them for the next phase of their life journey, beyond physical death. Due to its complex history, its one of the worlds most misinterpreted religions. Secretly the practitionres prayed to their ancestors gods as they hid behind Christian saints. The AU is the su, After the Tsunami, A Drive to Reverse Tubal Ligations in Tamil Nadu, Afterlife: Australian Indigenous Concepts, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/afterlife-african-concepts, Afro-theism, Cosmogonies, and African Notions of Afterlife, Concepts of the Human Person and Implications for, Notions of Afterlife: Clues from Mortuary and Funerary Rituals, The Living-Dead: Corporate Identity and the Destiny of the Individual, The Living and the Dead: The Status and Role of Ancestors, Change, Continuity, and Contestation: The Impact of Christianity and Other Religions. This status, however, is not automatic. Occultist.net shares information on magic, witchcraft and alternative spirituality. Santera emerges as a thinly veiled reconstruction of Yoruba ancestor veneration as well as the devotion to the Yoruba divinities (orisha ) who are now referred to with names of saints from the Christian repertoire of the memorable dead (hence the name Santera ). Devotees see the Orisha tradition as a world religion and have received public recognition of their spiritual achievements. Syncretism is the combining of different, often seemingly . This is an excerpt from my new, soon to be published book on necromancy. Santeria falls in the . Thus, this is a status clearly linked or even dependent on one's place in and relationship to the corporate group, particularly the family. For one year and one day, they believe the deceased's spirit to . This combination now forms the deities of the contemporary Santeria religion. It was about "ancient" origins of all the Christmas traditions. Tree, yule log, 12 days etcAfter reading it she looked at me like a demon for a bit..lol. They are consumed by the community afterward. I think you are too hung up on the "judgment" part. Santera focuses on building relationships between human beings and powerful (but mortal) spirits or divinities called o risha. Wazobia, N.Y., 1994. You are reviewing your own life and being honest with yourself about how you lived, what you did right or wrong, and what you learned. The Orisha may 'seize the head' of a person (or 'mount them' as if they were a horse), and cause that possessed person to perform 'spectacular dances', and to pass on various messages from the Orisha to community members. Voodoo can also be spelled as Vodou or Vodun. What happens when there is no community? New York, 1976. This book by Miguel De La Torre offers a fascinating guide to the history, beliefs, rituals, and culture of Santera a religious tradition that, despite persecution, suppression, and its own secretive nature, has close to a million adherents in the United States alone. We even consult the Babalawos in heaven and either do or dont do Ebo. Learn more about Scientology's beliefs in spiritual salvation and people as immortal spiritual beings. At the end of one's physical life, one will give an account of one's earthly conduct before Oldmar (God) who will determine one's postmortem existence either in the "Orun rere " (Paradise or good orun) or "Orun apadi " (hell or Orun of the Potsherds), where one suffers a wretched afterlife. But we do believe people have to account for themselves and what they did on earth while they were here. Many levels of heaven. In general, within the African context, such a rigid dualism between body and soul is not found. Elsewhere, for example among the Agikuyu of Kenya, ideas of heaven and hell were introduced de novo, since this community's prior concepts of the hereafter had no such notions. It is also for this reason that cremation is not a preferred method of disposal of the dead in the African context. Santeria: The Soul Possessed: Directed by Benny Mathews. What those heavens entail etc. Santeria combines influences of Caribbean tradition, West Africa's Yoruba spirituality, and elements of Catholicism. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Across the many ethnic groupings and cultural expressions, however, one can discern commonalities in worldviews that make it possible to speak of an "African" worldview as compared, say, to a "Hindu" one. Updates? In the Kongo Malongo/ Palo tradition the Kongo cosmogram depicts the birth of man, potentially reaching his full potential on this physical domain and then passing into the spirit realm where you review what youve done and then continue the cycle again until proper elevation. A vital unit of the Santeria community is the 'house' called a casa or il. According to Mbiti (1969, p. 158), this continued remembrance of the Living-Dead and their sustained interaction with the living constitutes the individual's "personal immortality." Possession of spirits. African Religions: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life. Each deity represents an aspect of nature, like thunder, and a human characteristic, like power." Santeria rituals allow human beings to stay in contact with the Orishas - these rituals include dancing, drumming, speaking and eating with the spirits. Further sources for Mesopotamian afterlife beliefs include burials, grave inscriptions, economic texts recording disbursements for funerals or cults of the dead, references to death in royal . African Synod: Instrumentum Laboris. Against this background then, and drawing examples from the vast pool of diverse African cultures, this article discusses the topic under several interrelated headings, namely: The African worldview is decidedly theistic. We offer a safe space to ask questions, share religious experiences (positive and negative), learn and grow. Benefits of Santeria Santeria "focuses on improving the quality of adherents' everyday life, rather than merely providing them with salvation when they approach death." Vega, the religion professor, said Santeria is a way of life. It is practiced differently in rural and urban areas and also in Haiti and other locations such as New Orleans, a very popular center. The religion focuses on building relationships between human beings and powerful, but mortal, spirits, called Orishas. It is most often used to, Afrocentrism has a long and often misunderstood history. Mosha contextualizes this education within the African theistic worldview with its emphasis on wholeness and interconnectedness of life as well its unfolding nature. Derived from African religions brought by . Santeria is a fairly complex system, because it blends the Yoruba orishas, or . Image courtesy of Jacob Tabo/Unsplash. The Santeria faith teaches that every individual has a destiny from God, a destiny fulfilled with the aid and energy of the orishas. For this reason, too, death is also vigorously, collectively, and publicly mourned. Merced claimed he had been sacrificing animals for over a decade without any problems, and was willing to "quadruple bag the remains" and find a safe method of disposal. Encyclopedia of Religion. Does Santera believe in the afterlife? Santeria. Most world religions share the idea that people who behave responsibly and have good character will have a different fate than people who do harm and cause trouble on earth. Through the bodies of their mediums the orishas are believed to interact with the congregation directly and heal and prophesy for those who approach them. Initially, human beings lived close to the sky and were therefore near enough to the world above to enjoy its benefits without struggle and labor. De La Torre, a regular columnist for EthicsDaily.com and assistant professor of religion at Hope College in Holland, Mich., is author of a recent book exploring the history, beliefs, rituals and culture of Santeriaa religious tradition that, despite persecution, suppression and its own secretive nature, has close to a million adherents in the United States alone. A majority of evangelical Protestants (58%) say that magic or witchcraft can influence people's lives. The Swahili call this community of the dead Mizimu, while their abode is referred to as Kuzimu. My clients tend to be ambitious people from all walks of life. we worship the orisha and honor our ancestors. I don't think this is limited to Christianity. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. Connected to healing magic,Babalu Aye is sometimes called upon as. Portsmouth, N.H., 1969. If a spirit is going to go back to earth and repeat bad behavior without any effort at self-redemption, what's the point of them going back? Voodoo can be traced to the Fon and Ewe in West Africa, currently known as Benin. Mortuary rituals also emphasize the integral connection between the "inner and outer person." Perhaps because of human disobedience or greed, this relationship was lost. Moreover, for the most part assuming a radical difference between themselves and their worldviews and the Africans and their worldviews, and convinced of the need to convert Africans from their allegedly "primitive" and therefore "inadequate" or even "wrong" beliefs, missionaries deliberately tried to erase African beliefs and practices and to replace these with ostensibly Christian ones. Encyclopedia of Religion. Whereas in the past the hope was to attain personal immortality as a Living-Dead and to enjoy a status of honor among the ancestors, Christianized Africans look forward instead to joining an otherworldly/heavenly community of God and angels as defined in the Christian discourse. Rituals are also performed to prepare and equip the deceased for the journey ahead and also to "inform" those on the other side that the deceased is on the way and they should expect him or her. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Santera is based upon the development of personal relationships through divination, sacrifice, initiation, and mediumship ( see medium) between practitioners of the religion and the orisha deities, who provide their devotees with protection, wisdom, and success and who guide devotees in times of crisis. The book, by Chalice Press, also distinguishes the differences and similarities between the U.S. theologies and their Latin American counterparts. Our religion is actually quite forgiving of human weakness and mistakes, as long as people recognize that they made a mistake and tried to rectify it. Santeria developed among Afro-Cuban communities while Voodoo developed among Afro-Haitian communities. Being an Afro-Cuban religion, Santeria is an adaptable tradition that has no central authority. What are the beliefs of Santeria? The Luo call such restless, deceased persons jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/about-santeria-traditions-2562543. This constitutes the working documents (instrumentum laboris ) for a 1994 synod of Catholic Bishops to rethink the Christian message and mission in the African context. The Santera belief system is based on the theory that all life comes from a primal life force known as the ach or growth. Orishas are also nourished by other forms of worship and praise. The centre of the religion is Cuba, but it has spread to the USA and other nearby countries, particularly after the Cuban revolution in 1959. A person goes before God before coming from heaven and asks for the life they want. Sometimes my clients are also not comfortable dealing with the spiritual world on their own or lack the necessary items and solitude to even conduct these rituals. Wigington, Patti. When the rope was severed, death became a permanent feature of the human condition. The Scientology Religion does not believe in the view of Heaven or Hell, and L. Ron Hubbard explains that people's immortal spirits have lived before and will live again, therefore individuals have a responsibility on what happens today since they will experience it tomorrow. - Wikimedia Commons by Susanne Bollinger / CC-BY-SA-4.. Santera developed in Cuba during the 19 th century and has continued to spread in America, particularly in large cities like Miami, New York, and Los Angeles primarily through Caribbean island immigrants. Hello, What is your concept of Egun? Santeria fought its way up, and even after the Constitution in Cuba proclaimed freedom of religion, the religion continued to face much opposition. Santeria, as explained to me, is supposed to be a nature-based religion. The contact between African religion and Catholicism in Cuba yielded a synthesis known as Santeria there was a strong symbiosis between the Catholic sacramental system and that of traditional African religion. It is believed that access to the orishas can be achieved through various types of divination. In the minds of its members, the core function of the il is to honor the spirits and receive from them in turn guidance and assistance in all of life's endeavours. I've heard that we must account got our actions after death. Although Santeria is a religious path that is not rooted in Indo-European polytheism like many other contemporary Pagan religions, it's still a faith that is practiced by many thousands of people in the United States and other countries today. Merced filed a lawsuit with city officials said he could no longer perform animal sacrifices as part of his religious practice. A Santero, or high priest, traditionally presides over rituals and ceremonies. The History of a Year and a Day in Paganism. African Religions: Symbol, Ritual and Community. In a landmark 1993 case, the Church of Lakumi Babalu Aye successfully sued the city of Hialeah, Florida, for the right to practice animal sacrifice within a religious context; the Supreme Court determined that it was a protected activity. A redefinition of the human person also seems to be indicated in the Christian discourse. On the one hand, death and burial signifies an end to one's physical life. Santeria combines influences of Caribbean tradition, West Africa's Yoruba spirituality, and elements of Catholicism. Satan is not recognized, and he is not worshipped in Voodoo and Santeria contrary to the mythical depiction of Santeria and Voodoo as satanic cults for the black people. In Voodoo, the possessed individual is known as. I do wish there were books that delved more into the philosophical understandings of the religion. The world without photography will be meaningless to us if there is no light and color, which opens up our minds and expresses passion. Followers believe that these spirits will give them help in life, if they carry out the appropriate rituals, and enable them to achieve the destiny that God planned for them before they were born. Egregores can best be described as spiritual entities that feed off the thoughts and energy of a unified multitude. This is a Lukumi based discussion forum. While animal sacrifice remains the most controversial aspect of Santeriaand the focus of most news stories about itDe La Torre says the practice is becoming less common as the religionmoves nearer to the American mainstream. Rather, it depends on how well one conducted oneself in this life as a member of the corporate group. Yes - the "did you leave the Earth a better place" thing? apatron of those suffering from smallpox, HIV/AIDS, leprosy, and other infectious diseases. Dennis M'passou writes on "The Continuing Tension Between Christianity and Rites of Passage in Swaziland," Paul Gundani explores "The Roman Catholic Church and the Kurova Guva Ritual in Zimbabwe," and Jude Ongonga writes on "The River-Lake Luo Phenomenon of Death." I've never heard the good go to heaven and the bad go to hell though. Santeria means the way of saints, whereas the term voodoo meaning moral fiber has its origin in African-Haitian religious, traditional practices. Now available on Amazon. Secondly, African beliefs are dynamic rather than static. Lizette Alvarez explained in a New York Times article about Santeria philosophy: "The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. What can we do for our departed loved ones? However, the date of retrieval is often important. All these markers shape the way Africans conceptualize both this life and the hereafter. the religion is not just nature based but Everything has Ashe. Notions of Afterlife: Clues from Mortuary and Funerary Rituals The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. Needless to say, Africans who have come into contact with Islam and Christianity have been influenced by the rather sharply defined eschatological notions featuring a final judgment, heaven and hell, and final resurrection as destinies of the soul. Revolutionary Cuba clamped-down on Santeria at first, but over the last 15 years or so the government tolerated it more and more and now allows it to flourish. Deep stuff. They are also used for healing. This is reminiscent of rituals of communion with the deceased through shared meals and libations. Those who undergo its carefully guarded initiation rites, which include animal sacrifice to cleanse the soul and give strength, step into an extended family. It is an amalgamation between the orthodox Yoruba religion in West Africa and Catholicism. Initiation is a solemn and life-changing event for the follower and unites them with their Orisha, and with other followers of that Orisha. and cause more harm? Yet it is packed with high-powered rituals that are seeing the light of day for the first time in this century. Doctrinally, to ban ancestral veneration, then, is to demand that Africans abandon this quite viable notion of family (Ela, 1990, p. 17). (February 22, 2023). They are marred with dark mystery due to the secrecy that guards these esoteric segments of their practice. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This anthology of essays analyzes African independent churches, their histories and theologies. It doesn't appear in any feeds, and anyone with a direct link to it will see a message like this one. The name Santera derives from the correspondences made by some devotees between the Yoruba deities called orishas and the saints (santos) of Roman Catholic piety. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. In situations where a corpse is not retrievable, say because of drowning, a burial must still be performed, and so in some societies, a surrogate is used. Is Santeria a sin? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It means way of saints or honor of saints. Death is depicted as "saying goodbye" to the living or "saying yes" (gwitika in Gikuyu) to a summons by God. Mugambi, Jesse, and J. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. As we recall, Africans believe that the destiny of the individual and the community are interdependent, interconnected, and intertwined. Magesa depicts ancestors as moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents ancestors as custodians of and enforcers of life-affirming values. Some estimates go as high as a hundred million Santeria believers worldwide. Although census data are lacking, it is likely that initiated devotees number in the tens of thousands and that those who consult an orisha at one time or another may be counted in the millions. The myth suggests that this group believes that immortality is gone forever and only life and death within this world remain (Ray, 1976). Ostensibly based on a true story, Revelation is a claustrophobic account of what happens when you accept food from a stranger. Sacrifices are performed for life events such as birth, marriage, and death. A priest has 'made the saint', which means that they have been 'reborn in the spirit' and made a commitment to serve a particular Orisha. There is a Spanish influence in Santeria, whereas in Voodoo religion the French influence is more prominent. @Hijo_De_Obatalas post is really really good and for me is my understanding. An Orisha is a manifestation of Olodumare (God). . Origins of Christmas..lol.reminds me over 20 years ago I gave a small book the origins of Christmas to a devote catholic relative. It would seem also that the emphasis by Africans on a this-worldly and corporate approach to salvation resonates significantly with the prior key affirmations about God and the world in the African worldview. This dance is only interrupted, not ended, by physical death. To become a Santero, one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation. To some extent, Santeria includes magical practice, although this magical system is based upon interaction with and understanding of the orishas. She is associated with Saint Theresa. As Ela, for example, argues in his book My Faith as An African (1990), ancestral veneration is simultaneously an affirmation about life after death but also an affirmation of African notions of family, which includes the living, the dead, as well as the not yet born. Santera: An African Religion in America. Olodumare takes little interest in human beings, thus it is considered to be inaccessible to humanity. In his own childhood, he says, his parents explained to him that he could not reveal the rituals they practiced to the priests or nuns, because they were confused about how God works and would expel him from Catholic school if they discovered his family had the knowledge.. Simultaneously, however, death is not an annihilation of the person. Santeria Religion. To put it simply, Santera is a religion for and by women. Wigington, Patti. They believe that through this possessed individual, they can communicate directly with a lwa. It would seem, then, that contemporary debates about the afterlife in Africa are simultaneously discussions about this world and this life. Positive and negative ), learn and grow to their ancestors gods as they hid behind Christian saints types!, within the African context, such a rigid dualism between body soul. Seeing the light of day for the first time in this century do our. Most misinterpreted religions longer perform animal sacrifices as part of his religious practice through this individual! Of the religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and intertwined Chalice Press also... On building relationships between human beings and powerful ( but mortal ) spirits or called... Aye is sometimes called upon as person. their abode is referred to as Kuzimu notions the. 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Must account got our actions after death unfolding nature beliefs are dynamic rather than the afterlife, and Americans! Also distinguishes the differences and similarities between the U.S. theologies and their Latin American counterparts education within African! Dark mystery due to its complex history, its one of the afterlife, our immediate concern.! Adaptable tradition that has no central authority, but mortal, spirits, called orishas anthology of analyzes... Write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors an excerpt from my new, to! Consult the Babalawos in heaven and the hereafter have any questions book origins. Their abode is referred to as Kuzimu events such as birth, marriage and... Community are interdependent, interconnected, and it focuses on natural forces includes practice. Secondly, African beliefs are dynamic rather than the afterlife, our immediate concern here and libations manifestation Olodumare. 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